We use previous experience to predict where we should pay attention.
어디에 주의를 기울여야 하는지 예측하기 위해 경험을 사용한다.
Tier 2
to predict = 목적의 to부정사
to predict = ~하기 위해. 목적 부사적 용법.
Tier 2
where we should pay = 간접의문 (S+V 어순)
where we should pay attention = 의문사 + S + V 어순. ✗ where should we pay → ✓ where we should pay
문장 03 · 수동태 (was illustrated by)
This was profoundly illustrated by Jared Diamond.
이것은 Diamond에 의해 깊이 있게 설명되었다.
Tier 2
was illustrated by ~ = 수동태
was illustrated by ~ = ~에 의해 설명되었다. 수동태 + by 행위자.
문장 04 · 현재분사 후치수식 wandering
He describes an adventure wandering through the jungle.
정글을 돌아다닌 모험을 묘사한다.
Tier 1
wandering = 현재분사 후치수식
an adventure wandering ~ = 돌아다닌 모험. 현재분사가 명사 뒤에서 수식. ✗ an adventure wandered → ✓ an adventure wandering모험이 '돌아다니는' 것이므로 능동 현재분사
문장 05 · tend to V / have been trained (현재완료 수동)
Natives tend to perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to do.
원주민들은 서양인들이 훈련받아 온 과제에서 저조한 성과를 보이는 경향이 있다.
Tier 2
tend to V = V하는 경향이 있다
tend to perform = 수행하는 경향이 있다. tend to + 동사원형. ✗ tend performing → ✓ tend to perform
Tier 1
have been trained = 현재완료 수동태
have been trained to do = 하도록 훈련받아 왔다. have been + p.p. = 현재완료 수동. since childhood = 어린 시절부터(현재까지).
문장 06 · hardly = 준부정어
They are hardly stupid.
그들은 거의 어리석지 않다.
Tier 4
hardly ≠ hard (혼동 주의)
hardly = 거의 ~않다 (준부정어). hard = 열심히 (부사) / 어려운 (형용사). hardly stupid = 거의 어리석지 않다 = 결코 어리석지 않다.
문장 07 · 최상급 / good for V-ing
They can detect the most subtle changes, good for following the tracks.
가장 미세한 변화를 감지, 흔적 따라가는 데 좋다.
Tier 2
the most subtle = 최상급
the most subtle = 가장 미세한. 다음절 형용사 최상급 = most + 형용사.
Tier 2
good for V-ing = V하는 데 좋은
good for following = 따라가는 데 좋은. for + 동명사. ✗ good for follow → ✓ good for following
문장 08 · which + N + to V / 동사 병렬
They know which insects to leave alone, know where food exists, can build and tear down shelters.
어떤 곤충을 건드리지 말아야 하는지 알고, 대피소를 짓고 허문다.
Tier 2
which + N + to V = 의문사 + to부정사
which insects to leave alone = 어떤 곤충을 건드리지 말아야 하는지. 의문사 + 명사 + to부정사 구조.
문장 09 · , who (계속적) / ability to V
Diamond, who had never spent time in such places, has no ability to pay attention to these things.
그런 곳에서 시간을 보낸 적 없는 Diamond는 주의를 기울일 능력이 없다.
Tier 1
, who had never spent = 계속적 + 대과거
, who = 계속적 관계대명사 (Diamond 부연). had never spent = 대과거 (주절 has보다 이전 시점). had + p.p. = 대과거 (과거보다 더 이전)
Tier 2
ability to V = V할 능력 (형용사적)
ability to pay attention to = 주의를 기울일 능력. to부정사가 ability를 수식(형용사적). ✗ ability of paying → ✓ ability to pay
문장 10 · Were S to V = 가정법 도치
Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would perform poorly.
그런 과제에서 시험 받는다면, 그도 저조할 것이다.
Tier 1
Were S to V = 가정법 미래 도치
Were he to be tested = If he were to be tested. if 생략 시 주어-동사 도치. would perform = 가정법 귀결절. ✗ Was he to be tested → ✓ Were he to be tested가정법에서는 주어에 관계없이 were
01 · In everyday life, we use previous experience to predict where we should pay attention.
previous이전의predict예측하다
02 · Different environments create different expectations.
environment환경expectation기대
03 · This was profoundly illustrated by the scientist Jared Diamond in his book Guns, Germs, and Steel.
profoundly깊이 있게illustrated설명된
04 · He describes an adventure wandering through the New Guinea jungle with native New Guineans.
wandering돌아다닌native원주민의
05 · He relates that these natives tend to perform poorly at tasks Westerners have been trained to do since childhood.
relate말하다, 이야기하다perform수행하다
06 · But they are hardly stupid.
hardly거의 ~않다
07 · They can detect the most subtle changes in the jungle, good for following the tracks of a predator or for finding the way back home.
detect감지하다subtle미세한predator포식자
08 · They know which insects to leave alone, know where food exists, can build and tear down shelters with ease.
insect곤충tear down허물다
09 · Diamond, who had never spent time in such places, has no ability to pay attention to these things.
ability능력pay attention to~에 주의를 기울이다
10 · Were he to be tested on such tasks, he also would perform poorly.