Our automatic assumption is that the other person is telling the truth.
우리의 자동적 가정은 상대방이 진실을 말하고 있다는 것이다.
Tier 2
S is that ~ = that절 보어
Our assumption is that ~ = 우리의 가정은 ~라는 것이다. that절이 보어 역할.
문장 03 · work out
This usually works out fine.
이것은 보통 잘 작동한다.
Tier 3
work out = 잘 되다
work out = 잘 되다, 해결되다. work out fine = 잘 작동하다.
문장 04 · 간접의문 / assume that
If you ask someone where the restroom is located, you can safely assume that most people will not lie.
화장실이 어디 있는지 물으면, 사람들이 거짓말 안 할 것이라 가정할 수 있다.
Tier 2
간접의문: ask + O + where S V
ask someone where ~ is located = ~가 어디에 있는지 묻다. 간접의문은 의문사 + S + V 어순. ✗ where is the restroom located → ✓ where the restroom is located
문장 05 · 가주어-진주어 / 가정법 would
Imagine how difficult it would be to converse with someone if you assumed everything was false!
모든 것이 거짓이라 가정하면 대화가 얼마나 어려울지 상상해 보라!
Tier 1
it(가주어) would be ~ to converse(진주어)
it(가주어) would be difficult to converse(진주어). would = 가정법 귀결절 (if you assumed). ✗ how difficult to converse would be → ✓ how difficult it would be to converse
문장 06 · 동명사 주어 병렬 / choosing not to V
Questioning the truth and then choosing not to believe it requires additional mental steps.
진실을 의심하고 믿지 않기로 선택하는 것은 추가 단계를 필요로 한다.
Tier 1
동명사 주어 + 단수 동사 requires
Questioning ~ and choosing ~ = 동명사 두 개 병렬이 하나의 주어. 단일 행위로 보므로 단수 동사 requires. ✗ require → ✓ requires
Tier 2
choosing not to V = V하지 않기로 선택
not to believe = 믿지 않기로. 부정어 not은 to 앞에 위치. ✗ choosing to not believe → ✓ choosing not to believe
문장 07 · , which means ~ / more ~ than
Humans are cognitive misers, which means we do not expend more mental effort than seems necessary.
인간은 인지적 구두쇠, 이는 필요 이상의 정신적 노력을 소비하지 않는다는 뜻이다.
Tier 1
, which means ~ = 계속적 관계대명사
, which = 앞 내용 전체를 받는 계속적 용법. means = '의미하다'. ✗ , that means → ✓ , which means계속적 용법에 that 불가
Tier 2
more ~ than seems necessary = 비교
more mental effort than seems necessary = 필요해 보이는 것보다 더 많은 노력. than 뒤에 주어 생략(= than what seems). expend = 소비하다 (= spend, use up)
문장 08 · It makes sense that ~ / even if
It makes sense that our default is to believe it, even if it is fake.
가짜라 할지라도 기본적으로 믿는 것은 일리가 있다.
Tier 1
It makes sense that ~ = 가주어-진주어
It(가주어) makes sense that ~(진주어) = ~라는 것은 일리가 있다. ✗ That our default is to believe makes sense → ✓ It makes sense that ~
Tier 2
even if = ~라 할지라도 (양보)
even if it is fake = 가짜라 할지라도. even if = 설사 ~라 해도 (가정적 양보). even though = 실제 사실에 대한 양보
문장 09 · be unlikely to V / due to / tendency to V
We are unlikely to doubt the truth, due to our tendency to save mental effort.
정신적 노력 절약 경향 때문에 진실을 의심할 가능성이 낮다.
Tier 2
be unlikely to V = V할 가능성이 낮다
be unlikely to V = V할 가능성이 낮다. unlikely는 형용사 → be동사 필수. ✗ unlikely doubt → ✓ are unlikely to doubt
Tier 2
due to + 명사 = ~ 때문에
due to our tendency = 경향 때문에. due to + 명사(구). because of와 동의. because는 절(S+V)과 사용
Tier 2
tendency to V = V하려는 경향
tendency to save = 절약하려는 경향. to부정사가 tendency를 수식(형용사적 용법).
01 · There is a natural assumption of truth, or a truth bias when humans communicate with one another.
assumption가정bias편향
02 · In other words, when we are listening to others or reading their words, our automatic assumption is that the other person is telling the truth.
automatic자동적인truth진실
03 · This usually works out fine.
work out잘 되다, 작동하다
04 · If you ask someone where the restroom is located or if it is raining outside, you can safely assume that most people will not lie in their responses.
assume가정하다response응답
05 · Imagine how difficult it would be to converse with someone if you assumed that everything they were telling you was false!
converse대화하다false거짓의
06 · Indeed, questioning the truth of a statement and then choosing not to believe it requires additional mental steps.
questioning의심하는 것additional추가적인
07 · For the most part, humans are “cognitive misers,” which means we typically do not expend more mental effort than seems necessary in a given situation.
cognitive miser인지적 구두쇠expend소비하다
08 · It makes sense then, that when we see something online, even if it is fake, our default is to believe it, at least at first.
default기본 설정fake가짜의
09 · We humans are unlikely to doubt the truth of information we receive, due to our tendency to save mental effort.